More than 50 publications claiming to present public opinion measurements in the run-up to the December 28 elections have received millions of views on social media, with significant exposure on TikTok.
Since the beginning of November, hibrid.info has dealt with several contents related to alleged public opinion measurements for parties and the electoral race. The publications have largely lacked the methodology on which the public opinion measurements should have been conducted. There have been cases when data have been written that could make the methodology reliable, but in these cases it has been mentioned that the “polls” were conducted by companies/organizations that, after verification, turned out not to exist or were not registered. There have also been cases of manipulation by publishing old measurements and presenting them in a new context. In the majority, these polls were assessed as fake news. Even searches on “Google” did not lead to credible sources of information that published suspicious content.
Some of these claims, which were addressed by hibrid.info, are no longer present on social media.
Treatment (see Clearance) was first published on November 15. The content included an image with the names of political parties and percentages. The publication was shared on TikTok, Facebook and Instagram. The account “rai123" on TikTok with the publication in question has received about 190 thousand views. After this account, the same claim was also republished by the accounts “ekrem.kryeziu2","kingbossi1204”, “diamond”And“Dardanian Falcon"with about 7 thousand views together. The image was also published on Facebook and Instagram. (see here, here and here)
In the second case, hibrid.info had addressed several other claims about "polls". Publication by "Mindpol" on Facebook that it is a "survey conducted by a private Slovenian company" has received over 20 thousand views. The same image, but with a different claim in certain cases, was also posted on several TikTok accounts, reaching around 20 thousand views (see here, here, hereThe image was also posted on Facebook (see here and hereThe image was then published by various users in the comments of real media posts.
There were similar publications on the "Mindpol" Facebook account with 5 thousand views. (see here)
Account "albinicilin"on TikTok has published two fake pieces of content purporting to measure public opinion. Together they have received around 25 thousand views (see here and here). One of them turned out to have been published on Facebook (see here).
Another piece of content that was covered by hibrid.info was about an image that claimed to be a survey conducted by a prestigious American company called “UGBA”. Verification revealed the content to be false. There was no online data that an American company with the name or acronym in question existed, and that deals with measuring public opinion. Also, the survey as in the image had not been made public in any credible information source. While Facebook does not show the visibility of a publication, “Premium Newspaper" with the false claim has received over 1 thousand reactions and about 640 comments. Meanwhile, the same publication on the account named "transparentmedia1" on TikTok has received about 75 thousand views.
Similar claims were published in several cases, either by the accounts being addressed or by others. Added to this, other publications on TikTok, they reached afro 220 thousand views (see some of the posts on TikTok and Facebook here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here and here).
From verification of hibrid.info It was also found that there was a false claim that the Democratic League of Kosovo had published a poll for the December 28 elections (see here, here and here)
In the final days of the campaign, a fake poll on support for political entities in the diaspora has attracted attention. Hibrid.info has verified the content and found that it lacks the necessary information to be considered a reliable survey. This content was published on Tuesday (December 22) on Facebook by a page called “Shadërvanit” and on Wednesday (December 24) on TikTok by an account named “imp3rial.aura", which has received about 117 thousand views.
Hibrid.info has treated even a publisher on TikTok who published content generated by artificial intelligence. "NoFilterNews"published videos in which a television presenter is usually seen, whose voice is then accompanied by various images. Regarding the elections, there have been publications that claimed to be television chronicles in which election polls or public opinion measurements were presented. In one case, it claimed that it was an election poll that showed the Vetëvendosje Movement (LVV) on the rise in relation to the previous elections. Meanwhile, a other claimed that “According to a survey conducted in all cities of Kosovo, it turns out that every third citizen says they are in favor of the victory of the Lëvizja VETËVENDOSJE! (LVV) Movement.” This account is no longer active. By the time of the treatment on December 9, its videos had accumulated thousands of views.
Manipulation of old publications
Some publications related to public opinion measurements have been assessed as "manipulation of facts", according to hibrid.info methodologyThese are results of measurements made in the past, but which were republished at a time when the country is in an election campaign (see here and here). One publication received about 110 thousand views the other about 67 thousand views.
Like these, the same content was also published on other TikTok accounts (see here, here and hereThere have also been posts on Facebook about these claims (see here). These publications have received over 105 thousand views together.
A similar thing happened with the return of a claim that was covered by hibrid.info last year. It is about an old survey, in which the names of the leading parties have now been changed. Hibrid.info had covered the same image in July of 2024At the time, the content was described as a “hoax.” And in the publication made on December 21, the account “tavnikcity100"has received" afro 110 thousand views.
In two cases, images showing measurements taken 11 months ago by "Valikon" have also been published on TikTok. In one The publication states that the image represents “the latest poll from 'valikon'”. It also claims that a comparison is being made with the results of past elections. But the website itself “PolitPro"makes it clear that it is about old survey, taken 11 months ago. The image representing the old survey was also published by the other account "Briefing". Together, both publications have received over 57 thousand views.
One page – some fake polls
The Facebook page named "Shadervani" has made eight publications since December 11th, claiming to be public opinion polls regarding elections or citizens' preferences for political parties or leaders (see here, here, here, here, here, here, here and here)
In total, the publications have received more than 4000 reactions.
In all publications, it has claimed that the "polls" were conducted by the "prestigious American company UGBA." Previous verification by hibrid.info had established that there is no such American company that deals with measuring public opinion.
In the publications, there is a favoritism towards the Democratic League of Kosovo, which in most posts appears as the first party, and at worst as the second party. Hibrid.info had also verified the content of this account in local electionsEven at that time, he favored LDK in Prizren, but this party came third in the local elections and did not enter the runoff as claimed in the published "polls".
Trend of past elections
The phenomenon of fake polls has also been dominant during the periods before the central elections in February this year and the local elections in October and November.
These surveys have mainly lacked the methodology on which public opinion measurements should be based. There have been cases where data has been written that could make the methodology credible, but in these cases it has been mentioned that the "surveys" were conducted by companies/organizations that, upon verification, turned out not to exist or were not registered.
Fake polls as a form of opinion manipulation on social media were also detected during the period before and during the election campaign for the parliamentary elections of February 9 this year. During that period, hibrid.info had verified 36 fake polls.
From the verification that hibrid.info conducted in the period before the October local elections, the following were identified: 28 false claims that they supposedly present measurements of public opinion in the form of surveys or exit polls.
What are surveys?
A survey is preliminary research to identify a situation, opinions or attitudes about something specific. In this statistical method Results are drawn based on the study of a portion of the population, called a sample.
Based on the institute's article Pew Research (research institute for fact-based surveys and studies), it is clarified what information should be requested about how a survey was conducted.
Who conducted the survey and who sponsored it?
Who was interviewed?
How was the survey conducted?
How were people selected for the survey?
When was the survey conducted?
How many people were interviewed?
Was the survey weighted? If so, how?
Do the survey questions seem neutral and fair?
Why are surveys conducted and what is their impact?
Polls are conducted to understand the public's opinions, attitudes, and preferences on various issues, providing important insight for politicians, the media, and decision-makers. According to Scott Keeter, senior polling consultant at the Pew Research Center, polls are an essential tool for measuring public opinion, especially during election campaigns, as they help identify trends and assess voters' expectations. Furthermore, they contribute to informing citizens and to building policies that reflect the needs and interests of the public.
However, Keeter also highlights some of the limitations and potential harms of polls. If not conducted accurately, they can convey inaccurate results, creating false perceptions about political support or social trends. Also, excessive use of polls can influence the manipulation of public opinion, orienting voters towards predicted winners or marginalizing less supported candidates. For this reason, it is important that polls are conducted to high professional standards and their interpretation be careful.
Before the start of the election campaign, hibrid.info had warned readers about the dangers of incorrect information that may be published during this time, also mentioning fake polls as one form of misinformation content.
What should we keep in mind?
The reader should be careful when getting information through social media. The names of candidates are often misused and accounts are opened based on them in support or even against. (See the analysis for pages with the names of Albin Kurti and Bedri Hamza).
Readers should follow the work of fact-checkers and use online platforms like “Google Lens” to verify the authenticity of the images.
President Vjosa Osmani on November 20, decided to dissolve the Assembly and announced December 28 as the date of early parliamentary elections. The election campaign period for certified political entities and their candidates began on December 17, 2025 and ends on December 28, 2025, at 06:59 (before the opening of polling stations) (see here).